Its main function is to separate and convert optical signals to achieve data transmission and reception. In the GPON system, the optical signal is transmitted through a single optical fiber, and the splitter plays a very important role, allowing multiple users to share the same. A GPON splitter is a passive optical device that takes a single fiber input and splits it into multiple outputs, typically in ratios like 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, and 1:64. The splitting process introduces signal attenuation, making placement strategy critical for network performance. In GPON, splitters work bidirectionally: Downstream traffic is broadcast from the OLT to all ONTs on the PON.