Portable instruments with DTS and DTSS capabilities can be employed in the field. Pipeline transportation is a cost-effective and secure method for transporting flammable and explosive oil and gas over long distances, with low initial investment and transportation costs, as well as environmental benefits. According to the National Development and Reform Commission's plan, the. DNV is a leader in verifying distributed fibre-optic sensing (DFOS) systems for pipeline leak detection. As an independent third party, it can support in advising and verifying these technologies according to international standards and guidelines. In North America, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) have jointly published multiple standards that defi optical cable performance requirements. The ANSI/ICEA S-87-640 “Standard for Optical. This paper systematically reviews the domestic and international research status of pipeline in-line inspection (ILI) technologies, with a focus on four major technological systems: electromagnetic, acoustic, optical, and robotic technologies. As such, none of these methods were fully satisfactory. These cables collect and analyze vibration signals to accurately paint a picture of any construction events threatening pipeline.